Opening Up the World of Chemistry

¿knowing that numerous European Chemical Societies support the development of ChemistryOpen, it became apparent that this would be a distinctive project and an exciting opportunity. We expect ChemistryOpen will soon reach the very high-standards of other general chemistry journals published by Wiley- VCH¿Martínez Mañez, R.; Wirth, T. (2012). Opening Up the World of Chemistry. ChemistryOpen. 1(4):4-4. doi:10.1002/open.201100009S441

Mimicking tricks from nature with sensory organic-inorganic hybrid materials

Design strategies for (bio)chemical systems that are inspired by nature's accomplishments in system design and operation on various levels of complexity are increasingly gaining in importance. Within the broad field of biomimetic chemistry, this article highlights various attempts toward improved and sophisticated sensory materials that rely on the combination of supramolecular (bio)chemical recognition principles and nanoscopic solid structures. Examples range from more established concepts such as hybrid sensing ensembles with improved sensitivity and selectivity or for target analytes for which selectivity is hard to achieve by conventional methods, which were often inspired by protein binding pockets or ion channels in membranes, to very recent approaches relying on target-gated amplified signalling with functionalised mesoporous inorganic supports and the integration of native biological sensory species such as transmembrane proteins in spherically supported bilayer membranes. Besides obvious mimicry of recognition-based processes, selected approaches toward chemical transduction junctions utilizing artificially organized synapses, hybrid ensembles for improved antibody generation and uniquely colour changing systems are discussed. All of these strategies open up exciting new prospects for the development of sensing concepts and sensory devices at the interface of nanotechnology, smart materials and supramolecular (bio)chemistry. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Biyikal, M.; Hecht, M.; Rurack, K. (2011). Mimicking tricks from nature with sensory organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 21(34):12588-12604. doi:10.1039/c1jm11210dS12588126042134Ma, M. (2007). Encoding Olfactory Signals via Multiple Chemosensory Systems. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(6), 463-480. doi:10.1080/10409230701693359Leinders-Zufall, T., Lane, A. P., Puche, A. C., Ma, W., Novotny, M. 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Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials:Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo-FluorogenicDetection of Finasteride

[EN] The synthesis of capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) conjugated with an antibody (AB) as a gatekeeper has been carried out in order to obtain a delivery system able to release an entrapped cargo (dye) in the presence of a target molecule (antigen) to which the conjugated antibody binds selectively. In particular, MSN loaded with rhodamine B and functionalized on the external surface with a suitable derivative of N-(t-butyl)- 3-oxo-(5a,17b)-4-aza-androst-1-ene-17-carboxamide (finasteride) have been prepared (S1). The addition of polyclonal antibodies against finasteride induced capping of the pores due to the interaction with the anchored hapten-like finasteride derivative to give a MSN¿hapten¿AB nanoparticle S1-AB. It was found that the addition of capped material S1-AB to water solutions containing finasteride resulted in displacement of the antibody, pore uncapping and entrapped-dye release. The response of the gated material is highly selective, and only finasteride, among other steroids, was able to induce a significant uncapping process. Compared with finasteride, the finasteride metabolite was able to release 17% of the dye, whereas the exogen steroids testosterone, metenolone and 16-b-hydroxystanozolol only induced very little release of rhodamine B (lower than 10%) from aqueous suspensions containing sensing solid S1-AB. A detection limit as low as 20 ppb was found for the fluorimetric detection of finasteride. In order to evaluate a possible application of the material for label-free detection of finasteride, the capped material was isolated and stored to give final sensing solid S1-AB-i. It was found to display a similar behavior towards finasteride as to that shown by freshly prepared S1-AB; even after a period of two months, no significant loss of selectivity or sensitivity was noted. Moreover, to study the application for the detection of finasteride in biological samples, this ¿aged¿ material, S1-AB-i, was tested using commercially available blank urine as matrix. Samples containing 70 and 90% blank urine were spiked with a defined amount of finasteride, and the concentration was determined using capped S1-AB-i. Recovery ranges from 94% to 118% were reached.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04-01) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) (projects PROMETEO/2009/016 and PROMETEO/2010/008) is gratefully acknowledged. E. C. thanks the Minesterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain) for her fellowship.Climent Terol, E.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Maquieira Catala, Á.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Brun Sánchez, EM.; Soto Camino, J.... (2012). Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials:Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo-FluorogenicDetection of Finasteride. ChemistryOpen. 1:251-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201100008S251259

Synthesis of a new tripodal chemosensor based on 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trimethylbencene scaffolding bearing thiourea and fluorescein for the chromo-fluorogenic detection of anions

A tripodal receptor containing thiourea as binding site and fluorescein as signalling subunit has been designed, synthesized and used for the colorimetric detection of basic anions in DMSO solutions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Moragues Pons, ME.; Santos Figueroa, LE.; Abalos Aguado, T.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Martínez Mañez, R. (2012). Synthesis of a new tripodal chemosensor based on 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trimethylbencene scaffolding bearing thiourea and fluorescein for the chromo-fluorogenic detection of anions. Tetrahedron Letters. 53(38):5110-5113. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.039S51105113533

Chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for anions. A comprehensive review of the years 2010-2011

This review focuses on examples reported in the years 2010¿2011 dealing with the design of chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors or reagents for anions.Santos Figueroa, LE.; Moragues Pons, ME.; Climent Terol, E.; Agostini, A.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2013). Chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for anions. A comprehensive review of the years 2010-2011. Chemical Society Reviews. 42(8):3489-3613. doi:10.1039/C3CS35429FS34893613428Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2003). Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Chemosensors and Reagents for Anions. Chemical Reviews, 103(11), 4419-4476. doi:10.1021/cr010421eKatayev, E. A., Ustynyuk, Y. A., & Sessler, J. L. (2006). Receptors for tetrahedral oxyanions. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 250(23-24), 3004-3037. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.013Suksai, C., & Tuntulani, T. (2003). Chromogenic anion sensors. Chemical Society Reviews, 32(4), 192. doi:10.1039/b209598jKim, S. K., Lee, D. H., Hong, J.-I., & Yoon, J. (2009). Chemosensors for Pyrophosphate. Accounts of Chemical Research, 42(1), 23-31. doi:10.1021/ar800003fBeer, P. (2000). Electrochemical and optical sensing of anions by transition metal based receptors. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 205(1), 131-155. doi:10.1016/s0010-8545(00)00237-xZhou, Y., Xu, Z., & Yoon, J. (2011). Fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of nucleotides, FAD and NADH: highlighted research during 2004–2010. Chemical Society Reviews, 40(5), 2222. doi:10.1039/c0cs00169dGunnlaugsson, T., Glynn, M., Tocci (née Hussey), G. M., Kruger, P. E., & Pfeffer, F. M. (2006). Anion recognition and sensing in organic and aqueous media using luminescent and colorimetric sensors. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 250(23-24), 3094-3117. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.017Amendola, V., Esteban-Gómez, D., Fabbrizzi, L., & Licchelli, M. (2006). What Anions Do to N−H-Containing Receptors. Accounts of Chemical Research, 39(5), 343-353. doi:10.1021/ar050195lGunnlaugsson, T., Ali, H. D. P., Glynn, M., Kruger, P. E., Hussey, G. M., Pfeffer, F. M., … Tierney, J. (2005). Fluorescent Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) Sensors for Anions; From Design to Potential Application. Journal of Fluorescence, 15(3), 287-299. doi:10.1007/s10895-005-2627-yWiskur, S. L., Ait-Haddou, H., Lavigne, J. J., & Anslyn, E. V. (2001). Teaching Old Indicators New Tricks. Accounts of Chemical Research, 34(12), 963-972. doi:10.1021/ar9600796Nguyen, B. T., & Anslyn, E. V. (2006). Indicator–displacement assays. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 250(23-24), 3118-3127. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.009Xu, Z., Chen, X., Kim, H. N., & Yoon, J. (2010). Sensors for the optical detection ofcyanide ion. Chem. Soc. Rev., 39(1), 127-137. doi:10.1039/b907368jKaur, K., Saini, R., Kumar, A., Luxami, V., Kaur, N., Singh, P., & Kumar, S. (2012). Chemodosimeters: An approach for detection and estimation of biologically and medically relevant metal ions, anions and thiols. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 256(17-18), 1992-2028. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.013Zhou, Y., & Yoon, J. (2012). Recent progress in fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detection ofamino acids. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41(1), 52-67. doi:10.1039/c1cs15159bMoragues, M. E., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2011). Chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for anions. A comprehensive review of the year 2009. Chemical Society Reviews, 40(5), 2593. doi:10.1039/c0cs00015aAldrey, A., Núñez, C., García, V., Bastida, R., Lodeiro, C., & Macías, A. (2010). Anion sensing properties of new colorimetric chemosensors based on macrocyclic ligands bearing three nitrophenylurea groups. Tetrahedron, 66(47), 9223-9230. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.054Odago, M. O., Colabello, D. M., & Lees, A. J. (2010). A simple thiourea based colorimetric sensor for cyanide anion. Tetrahedron, 66(38), 7465-7471. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.006Piątek, P. (2011). A selective chromogenic chemosensor for carboxylate salt recognition. Chemical Communications, 47(16), 4745. doi:10.1039/c0cc05537aHe, X., Herranz, F., Cheng, E. C.-C., Vilar, R., & Yam, V. W.-W. (2010). Design, Synthesis, Photophysics, and Anion-Binding Studies of Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane-Containing Dinuclear Gold(I) Thiolate Complexes with Urea Receptors. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(30), 9123-9131. doi:10.1002/chem.201000647Lin, W.-C., Tseng, Y.-P., Lin, C.-Y., & Yen, Y.-P. (2011). Synthesis of alanine-based colorimetric sensors and enantioselective recognition of aspartate and malate anions. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 9(15), 5547. doi:10.1039/c1ob05135kRegueiro-Figueroa, M., Djanashvili, K., Esteban-Gómez, D., de Blas, A., Platas-Iglesias, C., & Rodríguez-Blas, T. (2010). Towards Selective Recognition of Sialic Acid Through Simultaneous Binding to Its cis-Diol and Carboxylate Functions. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2010(17), 3237-3248. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201000186Carasel, I. A., Yamnitz, C. R., Winter, R. K., & Gokel, G. W. (2010). Halide Ions Complex and Deprotonate Dipicolinamides and Isophthalamides: Assessment by Mass Spectrometry and UV−Visible Spectroscopy. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 75(23), 8112-8116. doi:10.1021/jo101749aRostami, A., Colin, A., Li, X. Y., Chudzinski, M. G., Lough, A. J., & Taylor, M. S. (2010). N,N′-Diarylsquaramides: General, High-Yielding Synthesis and Applications in Colorimetric Anion Sensing. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 75(12), 3983-3992. doi:10.1021/jo100104gAmendola, V., Bergamaschi, G., Boiocchi, M., Fabbrizzi, L., & Milani, M. (2010). The Squaramide versus Urea Contest for Anion Recognition. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(14), 4368-4380. doi:10.1002/chem.200903190Sola, A., Orenes, R. A., García, M. A., Claramunt, R. M., Alkorta, I., Elguero, J., … Molina, P. (2011). Unprecedented 1,3-Diaza[3]ferrocenophane Scaffold as Molecular Probe for Anions. Inorganic Chemistry, 50(9), 4212-4220. doi:10.1021/ic102314rLee, D. Y., Singh, N., Satyender, A., & Jang, D. O. (2011). An azo dye-coupled tripodal chromogenic sensor for cyanide. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(51), 6919-6922. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.061Haridas, V., Sahu, S., & Praveen Kumar, P. P. (2011). Triazole-based chromogenic and non-chromogenic receptors for halides. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(51), 6930-6934. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.066Park, J. J., Kim, Y.-H., Rhim, S., & Kang, J. (2012). Anion receptors with viologen molecular scaffold. Tetrahedron Letters, 53(2), 247-252. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.040Amendola, V., Fabbrizzi, L., Mosca, L., & Schmidtchen, F.-P. (2011). Urea-, Squaramide-, and Sulfonamide-Based Anion Receptors: A Thermodynamic Study. Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(21), 5972-5981. doi:10.1002/chem.201003411You, J.-M., Jeong, H., Seo, H., & Jeon, S. (2010). A new fluoride ion colorimetric sensor based on dipyrrolemethanes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 146(1), 160-164. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.02.042Farinha, A. S. F., Tomé, A. C., & Cavaleiro, J. A. S. (2010). (E)-3-(meso-Octamethylcalix[4]pyrrol-2-yl)propenal: a versatile precursor for calix[4]pyrrole-based chromogenic anion sensors. Tetrahedron Letters, 51(16), 2184-2187. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.02.091Lee, G. W., Kim, N.-K., & Jeong, K.-S. (2010). Synthesis of Biindole−Diazo Conjugates as a Colorimetric Anion Receptor. Organic Letters, 12(11), 2634-2637. doi:10.1021/ol100830bBose, P., & Ghosh, P. (2010). Visible and near-infrared sensing of fluoride by indole conjugated urea/thiourea ligands. Chemical Communications, 46(17), 2962. doi:10.1039/b919128cWang, L., He, X., Guo, Y., Xu, J., & Shao, S. (2011). Tris(indolyl)methene molecule as an anion receptor and colorimetric chemosensor: tunable selectivity and sensitivity for anions. Org. Biomol. Chem., 9(3), 752-757. doi:10.1039/c0ob00472cTetilla, M. A., Aragoni, M. C., Arca, M., Caltagirone, C., Bazzicalupi, C., Bencini, A., … Meli, V. (2011). Colorimetric response to anions by a «robust» copper(ii) complex of a [9]aneN3 pendant arm derivative: CN− and I− selective sensing. Chemical Communications, 47(13), 3805. doi:10.1039/c0cc04500dKundu, T., Mobin, S. M., & Lahiri, G. K. (2010). Paramagnetic ruthenium-biimidazole derivatives [(acac)2RuIII(LHn)]m, n/m = 2/+, 1/0, 0/−. Synthesis, structures, solution properties and anion receptor features in solution state. Dalton Transactions, 39(17), 4232. doi:10.1039/b919036hLee, C.-H., Lee, S., Yoon, H., & Jang, W.-D. (2011). Strong Binding Affinity of a Zinc-Porphyrin-Based Receptor for Halides through the Cooperative Effects of Quadruple CH Hydrogen Bonds and Axial Ligation. Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(49), 13898-13903. doi:10.1002/chem.201101884Swinburne, A. N., Paterson, M. J., Fischer, K. H., Dickson, S. J., Wallace, E. V. B., Belcher, W. J., … Steed, J. W. (2010). Colourimetric Carboxylate Anion Sensors Derived from Viologen-Based Receptors. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(5), 1480-1492. doi:10.1002/chem.200902609Kannappan, R., Bucher, C., Saint-Aman, E., Moutet, J.-C., Milet, A., Oltean, M., … Chaix, C. (2010). Viologen-based redox-switchable anion-binding receptors. New Journal of Chemistry, 34(7), 1373. doi:10.1039/b9nj00757aKumari, N., Jha, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2011). Colorimetric Probes Based on Anthraimidazolediones for Selective Sensing of Fluoride and Cyanide Ion via Intramolecular Charge Transfer. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76(20), 8215-8222. doi:10.1021/jo201290aAmendola, V., Boiocchi, M., Fabbrizzi, L., & Fusco, N. (2011). Putting the Anion into the Cage - Fluoride Inclusion in the Smallest Trisimidazolium Macrotricycle. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2011(32), 6434-6444. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201100902Kumar, A., Kumar, V., & Upadhyay, K. K. (2011). A ninhydrin based colorimetric molecular switch for Hg2+ and CH3COO−/F−. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(50), 6809-6813. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.046Bao, X., & Zhou, Y. (2010). Synthesis and recognition properties of a class of simple colorimetric anion chemosensors containing OH and CONH groups. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 147(2), 434-441. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.068Lou, X., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Qin, J., & Li, Z. (2011). A highly specific rhodamine-based colorimetric probe for hypochlorites: a new sensing strategy and real application in tap water. Chemical Communications, 47(11), 3189. doi:10.1039/c0cc04911eShang, X.-F., Su, H., Lin, H., & Lin, H.-K. (2010). A supramolecular optic sensor for selective recognition AMP. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 13(8), 999-1003. doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2010.04.006Mendy, J. S., Saeed, M. A., Fronczek, F. R., Powell, D. R., & Hossain, M. A. (2010). Anion Recognition and Sensing by a New Macrocyclic Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex: A Selective Receptor for Iodide. Inorganic Chemistry, 49(16), 7223-7225. doi:10.1021/ic100686mMahato, P., Ghosh, A., Mishra, S. K., Shrivastav, A., Mishra, S., & Das, A. (2011). Zn(II)−Cyclam Based Chromogenic Sensors for Recognition of ATP in Aqueous Solution Under Physiological Conditions and Their Application as Viable Staining Agents for Microorganism. Inorganic Chemistry, 50(9), 4162-4170. doi:10.1021/ic200223gMahato, P., Ghosh, A., Mishra, S. K., Shrivastav, A., Mishra, S., & Das, A. (2010). Zn(II) based colorimetric sensor for ATP and its use as a viable staining agent in pure aqueous media of pH 7.2. Chemical Communications, 46(48), 9134. doi:10.1039/c0cc01996hDalla Cort, A., Forte, G., & Schiaffino, L. (2011). Anion Recognition in Water with Use of a Neutral Uranyl-salophen Receptor. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 76(18), 7569-7572. doi:10.1021/jo201213eDas, P., Mandal, A. K., Kesharwani, M. K., Suresh, E., Ganguly, B., & Das, A. (2011). Receptor design and extraction of inorganic fluoride ion from aqueous medium. Chemical Communications, 47(26), 7398. doi:10.1039/c1cc11458aBaumes, L. A., Buaki, M., Jolly, J., Corma, A., & Garcia, H. (2011). Fluorimetric detection and discrimination of α-amino acids based on tricyclic basic dyes and cucurbiturils supramolecular assembly. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(13), 1418-1421. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.071Baumes, L. A., Buaki Sogo, M., Montes-Navajas, P., Corma, A., & Garcia, H. (2010). A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date-Rape Drug γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach. Chemistry - A European Journal, 16(15), 4489-4495. doi:10.1002/chem.200903127Chifotides, H. T., Schottel, B. L., & Dunbar, K. R. (2010). The π-Accepting Arene HAT(CN)6 as a Halide Receptor through Charge Transfer: Multisite Anion Interactions and Self-Assembly in Solution and the Solid State. 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Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(25), 7020-7031. doi:10.1002/chem.201100428Chen, Z., Lu, Y., He, Y., & Huang, X. (2010). Recognition of pyrophosphate anion in aqueous solution using the competition displacement method. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 149(2), 407-412. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.06.038Müller-Graff, P.-K., Szelke, H., Severin, K., & Krämer, R. (2010). Pattern-based sensing of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with a dynamic mixture of iron complexes. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 8(10), 2327. doi:10.1039/c000420kHu, Z.-Q., Wang, X.-M., Feng, Y.-C., Ding, L., Li, M., & Lin, C.-S. (2011). A novel colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for acetate ions in aqueous media based on a rhodamine 6G–phenylurea conjugate in the presence of Fe(iii) ions. Chem. Commun., 47(5), 1622-1624. doi:10.1039/c0cc04136jSingh, N., & Jang, D. O. (2011). A selective ATP chromogenic sensor for use in an indicator displacement assay. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(39), 5094-5097. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.096Ghosh, K., & Ranjan Sarkar, A. (2011). Pyridinium-based symmetrical diamides as chemosensors in visual sensing of citrate through indicator displacement assay (IDA) and gel formation. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 9(19), 6551. doi:10.1039/c1ob05707cAtta, A. K., Ahn, I.-H., Hong, A.-Y., Heo, J., Kim, C. K., & Cho, D.-G. (2012). Fluoride indicator that functions in mixed aqueous media: hydrogen bonding effects. Tetrahedron Letters, 53(5), 575-578. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.11.099Perry-Feigenbaum, R., Sella, E., & Shabat, D. (2011). Autoinductive Exponential Signal Amplification: A Diagnostic Probe for Direct Detection of Fluoride. Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(43), 12123-12128. doi:10.1002/chem.201101796Rajamalli, P., & Prasad, E. (2011). Low Molecular Weight Fluorescent Organogel for Fluoride Ion Detection. Organic Letters, 13(14), 3714-3717. doi:10.1021/ol201325jBhaumik, C., Das, S., Maity, D., & Baitalik, S. (2011). A terpyridyl-imidazole (tpy-HImzPh3) based bifunctional receptor for multichannel detection of Fe2+ and F− ions. Dalton Transactions, 40(44), 11795. doi:10.1039/c1dt10965kIsaad, J., & Perwuelz, A. (2010). New color chemosensors for cyanide based on water soluble azo dyes. Tetrahedron Letters, 51(44), 5810-5814. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.098Wade, C. R., & Gabbaï, F. P. (2010). Cyanide Anion Binding by a Triarylborane at the Outer Rim of a Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Cationic Complex. Inorganic Chemistry, 49(2), 714-720. doi:10.1021/ic9020349Ábalos, T., Jiménez, D., Moragues, M., Royo, S., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Gil, S. (2010). Multi-channel receptors based on thiopyrylium functionalised with macrocyclic receptors for the recognition of transition metal cations and anions. 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Biosourced 3-formyl chromenyl-azo dye as Michael acceptor type of chemodosimeter for cyanide in aqueous environment. Tetrahedron, 67(31), 5678-5685. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.083Isaad, J., & El Achari, A. (2011). A novel cyanide chemodosimeter based on trifluoroacetamide benzhydrol-2 as binding motif: importance of substituent positioning on intra-molecular charge transfer. Tetrahedron, 67(23), 4196-4201. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.059Park, I. S., Heo, E.-J., & Kim, J.-M. (2011). A photochromic phenoxyquinone based cyanide ion sensor. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(19), 2454-2457. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.02.105Tang, X., Liu, W., Wu, J., Zhao, W., Zhang, H., & Wang, P. (2011). A colorimetric chemosensor for fast detection of thiols based on intramolecular charge transfer. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(40), 5136-5139. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.111Wei, W., Liang, X., Hu, G., Guo, Y., & Shao, S. (2011). A highly selective colorimetric probe based on 2,2′,2″-trisindolylmethene for cysteine/homocysteine. Tetrahedron Letters, 52(13), 1422-1425. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.182Cui, K., Zhang, D., Zhang, G., & Zhu, D. (2010). A highly selective naked-eye probe for hypochlorite with the p-methoxyphenol-substituted aniline compound. Tetrahedron Letters, 51(46), 6052-6055. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.041Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Jang, H. H., Yi, S., Seo, S. H., & Han, M. S. (2010). A gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensing ensemble for the colorimetric detection of cyanide ions in aqueous solution. Tetrahedron Letters, 51(36), 4712-4716. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.002Zhang, S., Wang, J., Han, L., Li, C., Wang, W., & Yuan, Z. (2010). Colorimetric detection of bis-phosphorylated peptides using zinc(ii) dipicolylamine-appended gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 147(2), 687-690. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.071Feng, D.-Q., Liu, G., Zheng, W., Liu, J., Chen, T., & Li, D. (2011). A highly selective and sensitive on–off sensor for silver ions and cysteine by light scattering technique of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 47(30), 8557. doi:10.1039/c1cc12377gCao, R., & Li, B. (2011). A simple and sensitive method for visual detection of heparin using positively-charged gold nanoparticles as colorimetric probes. Chemical Communications, 47(10), 2865. doi:10.1039/c0cc05094fLiu, C.-Y., & Tseng, W.-L. (2011). Colorimetric assay for cyanide and cyanogenic glycoside using polysorbate 40-stabilized gold nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 47(9), 2550. doi:10.1039/c0cc04591hZhang, M., Liu, Y.-Q., & Ye, B.-C. (2011). Rapid and sensitive colorimetric visualization of phthalates using UTP-modified gold nanoparticles cross-linked by copper(ii). Chemical Communications, 47(43), 11849. doi:10.1039/c1cc14772bLi, H., Li, F., Han, C., Cui, Z., Xie, G., & Zhang, A. (2010). Highly sensitive and selective tryptophan colorimetric sensor based on 4,4-bipyridine-functionalized silver nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 145(1), 194-199. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.11.062Sakai, R., Okade, S., Barasa, E. B., Kakuchi, R., Ziabka, M., Umeda, S., … Kakuchi, T. (2010). Efficient Colorimetric Anion Detection Based on Positive Allosteric System of Urea-Functionalized Poly(phenylacetylene) Receptor. Macromolecules, 43(18), 7406-7411. doi:10.1021/ma1016852Sakai, R., Sakai, N., Satoh, T., Li, W., Zhang, A., & Kakuchi, T. (2011). Strict Size Specificity in Colorimetric Anion Detection Based on Poly(phenylacetylene) Receptor Bearing Second Generation Lysine Dendrons. Macromolecules, 44(11), 4249-4257. doi:10.1021/ma200710rIsaad, J., & Salaün, F. (2011). Functionalized poly (vinyl alcohol) polymer as chemodosimeter material for the colorimetric sensing of cyanide in pure water. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 157(1), 26-33. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.022Isaad, J., & El Achari, A. (2011). Colorimetric sensing of cyanide anions in aqueous media based on functional surface modification of natural cellulose materials. Tetrahedron, 67(26), 4939-4947. doi:10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.061Yao, Z., Bai, H., Li, C., & Shi, G. (2010). Analyte-induced aggregation of conjugated polyelectrolytes: role of the charged moieties and its sensing application. Chemical Communications, 46(28), 5094. doi:10.1039/c002188aKrishnamurthi, J., Ono, T., Amemori, S., Komatsu, H., Shinkai, S., & Sada, K. (2011). Thiourea-tagged poly(octadecyl acrylate) gels as fluoride and acetate responsive polymer gels through selective complexation. Chem. Commun., 47(5), 1571-1573. doi:10.1039/c0cc03256eVallejos, S., Estévez, P., García, F. C., Serna, F., de la Peña, J. L., & García, J. M. (201

Triggered release in lipid bilayer-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing SPION using an alternating magnetic field

[EN] We report here the on-command cargo controlled delivery using an alternating magnetic field (AMF) from magnetic silica mesoporous supports capped with a lipid bilayer. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Financial support from the Spanish Government (projects MAT2009-14564-C04-01 and CTQ2008-00690) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016) is gratefully acknowledged. E. B. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education (MEC) for his Jose Castillejo fellowship (JC2010-0090).Bringas, E.; Köysüren, Ö.; Quach, DV.; Mahmoudi, M.; Aznar Gimeno, E.; Roehling, JD.; Marcos Martínez, MD.... (2012). Triggered release in lipid bilayer-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing SPION using an alternating magnetic field. Chemical Communications. 48:5647-5649. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CC31563GS5647564948Aznar, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2009). Controlled release using mesoporous materials containing gate-like scaffoldings. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 6(6), 643-655. doi:10.1517/17425240902895980Cotí, K. K., Belowich, M. E., Liong, M., Ambrogio, M. W., Lau, Y. A., Khatib, H. A., … Stoddart, J. F. (2009). Mechanised nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nanoscale, 1(1), 16. doi:10.1039/b9nr00162jLai, C.-Y., Trewyn, B. G., Jeftinija, D. M., Jeftinija, K., Xu, S., Jeftinija, S., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2003). A Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere-Based Carrier System with Chemically Removable CdS Nanoparticle Caps for Stimuli-Responsive Controlled Release of Neurotransmitters and Drug Molecules. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(15), 4451-4459. doi:10.1021/ja028650lPark, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(9), 1455-1457. doi:10.1002/anie.200603404Casasús, R., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2008). Dual Aperture Control on pH- and Anion-Driven Supramolecular Nanoscopic Hybrid Gate-like Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(6), 1903-1917. doi:10.1021/ja0756772Liu, R., Liao, P., Liu, J., & Feng, P. (2011). Responsive Polymer-Coated Mesoporous Silica as a pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Controlled Release. Langmuir, 27(6), 3095-3099. doi:10.1021/la104973jCliment, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., Maquieira, A., & Amorós, P. (2010). Controlled Delivery Using Oligonucleotide-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(40), 7281-7283. doi:10.1002/anie.201001847Mal, N. K., Fujiwara, M., & Tanaka, Y. (2003). Photocontrolled reversible release of guest molecules from coumarin-modified mesoporous silica. Nature, 421(6921), 350-353. doi:10.1038/nature01362Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., Amorós, P., & Guillem, C. (2009). pH- and Photo-Switched Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Supports. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(19), 6833-6843. doi:10.1021/ja810011pFu, Q., Rao, G. V. R., Ista, L. K., Wu, Y., Andrzejewski, B. P., Sklar, L. A., … López, G. P. (2003). Control of Molecular Transport Through Stimuli-Responsive Ordered Mesoporous Materials. Advanced Materials, 15(15), 1262-1266. doi:10.1002/adma.200305165Thomas, C. R., Ferris, D. P., Lee, J.-H., Choi, E., Cho, M. H., Kim, E. S., … Zink, J. I. (2010). Noninvasive Remote-Controlled Release of Drug Molecules in Vitro Using Magnetic Actuation of Mechanized Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(31), 10623-10625. doi:10.1021/ja1022267Ruiz-Hernández, E., Baeza, A., & Vallet-Regí, M. (2011). Smart Drug Delivery through DNA/Magnetic Nanoparticle Gates. ACS Nano, 5(2), 1259-1266. doi:10.1021/nn1029229Aznar, E., Mondragón, L., Ros-Lis, J. V., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Amorós, P. (2011). Finely Tuned Temperature-Controlled Cargo Release Using Paraffin-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(47), 11172-11175. doi:10.1002/anie.201102756Bruce, I. J., Taylor, J., Todd, M., Davies, M. J., Borioni, E., Sangregorio, C., & Sen, T. (2004). Synthesis, characterisation and application of silica-magnetite nanocomposites. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 284, 145-160. doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.032Sen, T., Magdassi, S., Nizri, G., & Bruce, I. J. (2006). Dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in suspension. Micro & Nano Letters, 1(1), 39. doi:10.1049/mnl:20065033Zhang, L., Longo, M. L., & Stroeve, P. (2000). Mobile Phospholipid Bilayers Supported on a Polyion/Alkylthiol Layer Pair. Langmuir, 16(11), 5093-5099. doi:10.1021/la9913405Liu, J., Stace-Naughton, A., Jiang, X., & Brinker, C. J. (2009). Porous Nanoparticle Supported Lipid Bilayers (Protocells) as Delivery Vehicles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(4), 1354-1355. doi:10.1021/ja808018yLiu, J., Jiang, X., Ashley, C., & Brinker, C. J. (2009). Electrostatically Mediated Liposome Fusion and Lipid Exchange with a Nanoparticle-Supported Bilayer for Control of Surface Charge, Drug Containment, and Delivery. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(22), 7567-7569. doi:10.1021/ja902039yAshley, C. E., Carnes, E. C., Phillips, G. K., Padilla, D., Durfee, P. N., Brown, P. A., … Brinker, C. J. (2011). The targeted delivery of multicomponent cargos to cancer cells by nanoporous particle-supported lipid bilayers. Nature Materials, 10(5), 389-397. doi:10.1038/nmat2992Hoare, T., Timko, B. P., Santamaria, J., Goya, G. F., Irusta, S., Lau, S., … Kohane, D. S. (2011). Magnetically Triggered Nanocomposite Membranes: A Versatile Platform for Triggered Drug Release. Nano Letters, 11(3), 1395-1400. doi:10.1021/nl200494tNappini, S., Bonini, M., Bombelli, F. B., Pineider, F., Sangregorio, C., Baglioni, P., & Nordèn, B. (2011). Controlled drug release under a low frequency magnetic field: effect of the citrate coating on magnetoliposomes stability. Soft Matter, 7(3), 1025-1037. doi:10.1039/c0sm00789gMalam, Y., Loizidou, M., & Seifalian, A. M. (2009). Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 30(11), 592-599. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.08.004Mahmoudi, M., Laurent, S., Shokrgozar, M. A., & Hosseinkhani, M. (2011). Toxicity Evaluations of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cell «Vision» versus Physicochemical Properties of Nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 5(9), 7263-7276. doi:10.1021/nn2021088Mahmoudi, M., Azadmanesh, K., Shokrgozar, M. A., Journeay, W. S., & Laurent, S. (2011). Effect of Nanoparticles on the Cell Life Cycle. Chemical Reviews, 111(5), 3407-3432. doi:10.1021/cr100316

Glucose-triggered release using enzyme-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles

[EN] A new gated nanodevice design able to control cargo delivery using glucose as a trigger and cyclodextrin-modified glucose oxidase as a capping agent is reported.Financial support from the Spanish Government (projects MAT2012-38429-C04-01 and CTQ2011-24355), Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016), UPV (project SP20120795) and Ramon y Cajal Programme (to R. V.) is gratefully acknowledged.Aznar Gimeno, E.; Villalonga, R.; Giménez Morales, C.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Díez, P.... (2013). Glucose-triggered release using enzyme-gated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chemical Communications. 49(57):6391-6393. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc42210kS639163934957Coll, C., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2012). Gated Silica Mesoporous Supports for Controlled Release and Signaling Applications. Accounts of Chemical Research, 46(2), 339-349. doi:10.1021/ar3001469Aznar, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2009). Controlled release using mesoporous materials containing gate-like scaffoldings. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 6(6), 643-655. doi:10.1517/17425240902895980Cotí, K. K., Belowich, M. E., Liong, M., Ambrogio, M. W., Lau, Y. A., Khatib, H. A., … Stoddart, J. F. (2009). Mechanised nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nanoscale, 1(1), 16. doi:10.1039/b9nr00162jKresge, C. T., Leonowicz, M. E., Roth, W. J., Vartuli, J. C., & Beck, J. S. (1992). Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nature, 359(6397), 710-712. doi:10.1038/359710a0Lai, C.-Y., Trewyn, B. G., Jeftinija, D. M., Jeftinija, K., Xu, S., Jeftinija, S., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2003). A Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere-Based Carrier System with Chemically Removable CdS Nanoparticle Caps for Stimuli-Responsive Controlled Release of Neurotransmitters and Drug Molecules. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(15), 4451-4459. doi:10.1021/ja028650lPark, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(9), 1455-1457. doi:10.1002/anie.200603404Casasús, R., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2008). Dual Aperture Control on pH- and Anion-Driven Supramolecular Nanoscopic Hybrid Gate-like Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(6), 1903-1917. doi:10.1021/ja0756772Liu, R., Liao, P., Liu, J., & Feng, P. (2011). Responsive Polymer-Coated Mesoporous Silica as a pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Controlled Release. Langmuir, 27(6), 3095-3099. doi:10.1021/la104973jCliment, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., Maquieira, A., & Amorós, P. (2010). Controlled Delivery Using Oligonucleotide-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(40), 7281-7283. doi:10.1002/anie.201001847Mal, N. K., Fujiwara, M., & Tanaka, Y. (2003). Photocontrolled reversible release of guest molecules from coumarin-modified mesoporous silica. Nature, 421(6921), 350-353. doi:10.1038/nature01362Fu, Q., Rao, G. V. R., Ista, L. K., Wu, Y., Andrzejewski, B. P., Sklar, L. A., … López, G. P. (2003). Control of Molecular Transport Through Stimuli-Responsive Ordered Mesoporous Materials. Advanced Materials, 15(15), 1262-1266. doi:10.1002/adma.200305165Aznar, E., Mondragón, L., Ros-Lis, J. V., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Amorós, P. (2011). Finely Tuned Temperature-Controlled Cargo Release Using Paraffin-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(47), 11172-11175. doi:10.1002/anie.201102756Bringas, E., Köysüren, Ö., Quach, D. V., Mahmoudi, M., Aznar, E., Roehling, J. D., … Stroeve, P. (2012). Triggered release in lipid bilayer-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing SPION using an alternating magnetic field. Chemical Communications, 48(45), 5647. doi:10.1039/c2cc31563gPatel, K., Angelos, S., Dichtel, W. R., Coskun, A., Yang, Y.-W., Zink, J. I., & Stoddart, J. F. (2008). Enzyme-Responsive Snap-Top Covered Silica Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(8), 2382-2383. doi:10.1021/ja0772086Schlossbauer, A., Kecht, J., & Bein, T. (2009). Biotin-Avidin as a Protease-Responsive Cap System for Controlled Guest Release from Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(17), 3092-3095. doi:10.1002/anie.200805818Park, C., Kim, H., Kim, S., & Kim, C. (2009). Enzyme Responsive Nanocontainers with Cyclodextrin Gatekeepers and Synergistic Effects in Release of Guests. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(46), 16614-16615. doi:10.1021/ja9061085Bernardos, A., Mondragón, L., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2010). Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with «Saccharides». ACS Nano, 4(11), 6353-6368. doi:10.1021/nn101499dAgostini, A., Mondragón, L., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., … Murguía, J. R. (2012). Targeted Cargo Delivery in Senescent Cells Using Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 51(42), 10556-10560. doi:10.1002/anie.201204663Schlossbauer, A., Warncke, S., Gramlich, P. M. E., Kecht, J., Manetto, A., Carell, T., & Bein, T. (2010). A Programmable DNA-Based Molecular Valve for Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(28), 4734-4737. doi:10.1002/anie.201000827Climent, E., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Maquieira, A., Marcos, M. D., Pastor-Navarro, N., … Amorós, P. (2009). Controlled Delivery Systems Using Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(39), 14075-14080. doi:10.1021/ja904456dZhao, Y., Trewyn, B. G., Slowing, I. I., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2009). Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Double Drug Delivery System for Glucose-Responsive Controlled Release of Insulin and Cyclic AMP. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(24), 8398-8400. doi:10.1021/ja901831uHolzinger, M., Bouffier, L., Villalonga, R., & Cosnier, S. (2009). Adamantane/β-cyclodextrin affinity biosensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24(5), 1128-1134. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.029Oliver, N. S., Toumazou, C., Cass, A. E. G., & Johnston, D. G. (2009). Glucose sensors: a review of current and emerging technology. Diabetic Medicine, 26(3), 197-210. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02642.xWu, Q., Wang, L., Yu, H., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2011). Organization of Glucose-Responsive Systems and Their Properties. Chemical Reviews, 111(12), 7855-7875. doi:10.1021/cr200027jXu, Y., Pehrsson, P. E., Chen, L., Zhang, R., & Zhao, W. (2007). Double-Stranded DNA Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Optical Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Sensing. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(24), 8638-8643. doi:10.1021/jp0709611Song, C., Pehrsson, P. E., & Zhao, W. (2006). Optical enzymatic detection of glucose based on hydrogen peroxide-sensitive HiPco carbon nanotubes. Journal of Materials Research, 21(11), 2817-2823. doi:10.1557/jmr.2006.0343Badugu, R., Lakowicz, J. R., & Geddes, C. D. (2004). Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring of Physiological Glucose Using a Monosaccharide-Sensing Contact Lens. Analytical Chemistry, 76(3), 610-618. doi:10.1021/ac030372

Aryl carbinols as nerve agent probes. Influence of the conjugation on the sensing properties

Two new aryl carbinols (1 and 3) have been synthesised and characterised and their ability as OFF-ON probes for the chromogenic detection of the nerve agent simulant in acetonitrile has been tested. In addition compound 2 has been also studied. The carbinols suffered a phosphorylation reaction followed by an elimination process giving rise to the corresponding carbocations. This transformation of the carbinol into the carbocation is responsible for a significant color change. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2012.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04-01) and the Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) is gratefully acknowledged. R. G. is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Education and S. R. to Generalitat Valencia for their grants.Royo Calvo, S.; Gotor Candel, RJ.; Costero Nieto, AM.; Parra Álvarez, M.; Gil Grau, S.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2012). Aryl carbinols as nerve agent probes. Influence of the conjugation on the sensing properties. New Journal of Chemistry. 36(12):1485-1489. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nj40104eS148514893612Sadik, O. A., Land, W. H., & Wang, J. (2003). Targeting Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents at the Molecular Level. Electroanalysis, 15(14), 1149-1159. doi:10.1002/elan.200390140Russell, A. J., Berberich, J. A., Drevon, G. F., & Koepsel, R. R. (2003). Biomaterials for Mediation of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 5(1), 1-27. doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.5.121202.125602Wang, H., Wang, J., Choi, D., Tang, Z., Wu, H., & Lin, Y. (2009). EQCM immunoassay for phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker for organophosphate exposures based on selective zirconia adsorption and enzyme-catalytic precipitation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24(8), 2377-2383. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.013Im, H.-J., & Song, K. (2009). Applications of Prompt Gamma Ray Neutron Activation Analysis: Detection of Illicit Materials. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 44(4), 317-334. doi:10.1080/05704920902852125Sohn, H., Létant, S., Sailor, M. J., & Trogler, W. C. (2000). Detection of Fluorophosphonate Chemical Warfare Agents by Catalytic Hydrolysis with a Porous Silicon Interferometer. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122(22), 5399-5400. doi:10.1021/ja0006200Steiner, W. E., Klopsch, S. J., English, W. A., Clowers, B. H., & Hill, H. H. (2005). Detection of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant in Various Aerosol Matrixes by Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 77(15), 4792-4799. doi:10.1021/ac050278fBurnworth, M., Rowan, S. J., & Weder, C. (2007). Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chemistry - A European Journal, 13(28), 7828-7836. doi:10.1002/chem.200700720Thomas, S. W., Joly, G. D., & Swager, T. M. (2007). Chemical Sensors Based on Amplifying Fluorescent Conjugated Polymers. Chemical Reviews, 107(4), 1339-1386. doi:10.1021/cr0501339Royo, S., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Costero, A. M., Parra, M., & Gil, S. (2007). Chromogenic and fluorogenic reagents for chemical warfare nerve agents’ detection. Chemical Communications, (46), 4839. doi:10.1039/b707063bGiordano, B., & Collins, G. (2007). Synthetic Methods Applied to the Detection of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents. Current Organic Chemistry, 11(3), 255-265. doi:10.2174/138527207779940883Kang, S., Kim, S., Yang, Y.-K., Bae, S., & Tae, J. (2009). Fluorescent and colorimetric detection of acid vapors by using solid-supported rhodamine hydrazides. Tetrahedron Letters, 50(17), 2010-2012. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.087Costero, A. M., Parra, M., Gil, S., Gotor, R., Mancini, P. M. E., Martínez-Máñez, R., … Royo, S. (2010). Chromo-Fluorogenic Detection of Nerve-Agent Mimics Using Triggered Cyclization Reactions in Push-Pull Dyes. 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Colorimetric detection of hazardous gases using a remotely operated capturing and processing system

[EN] This paper presents an electronic system for the automatic detection of hazardous gases. The proposed system implements colorimetric sensing algorithms, thus providing a low-cost solution to the problem of gas sensing. It is remotely operated and it performs the tasks of image capturing and processing, hence obtaining colour measurements in RGB (Red Green Blue) space that are subsequently sent to a remote operator via the internet. A prototype of the system has been built to test its performance. Specifically, experiments have been carried out aimed at the detection of CO, CO2, NO, NO2, SO2 and formaldehyde at diverse concentrations by using a chromogenic array composed by 13 active and 2 inert compounds. Statistical analyses of the results reveal a good performance of the electronic system and the feasibility of remote hazardous gas detection using colorimetric sensor arrays.This research has been carried out in the framework of Project grant nos. MAT2012-38429-C04-01 and MAT2012-38429-C04-04, financed by the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness. The authors also acknowledge the support of the Generalitat Valenciana through Project grant no. PROMETEOII/2014/047.Montes Robles, R.; Moragues Pons, ME.; Vivancos Bono, JL.; Ibáñez Civera, FJ.; Fraile Muñoz, R.; Martínez Mañez, R.; García Breijo, E. (2015). Colorimetric detection of hazardous gases using a remotely operated capturing and processing system. ISA Transactions. 59:434-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2015.09.0104344425

An Instantaneous and Highly Selective Chromofluorogenic Chemodosimeter for Fluoride Anion Detection in Pure Water

The fast and the fluoride: A pyridine derivative functionalized with tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether has been synthesized and used as a selective chromofluorogenic fluoride sensor in water/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solutions. The chromofluorogenic response arises from the fluoride-induced hydrolysis of the silyl ether moiety, which generates a coloured and highly emissive phenolate anion.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2012-38429-C04-01) and the Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) is gratefully acknowledged. S. E. is grateful to the Generalitat Valenciana for his Santiago Grisolia fellowship.El Sayed Shihata Nasr, S.; Agostini, A.; Santos Figueroa, LE.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2013). An Instantaneous and Highly Selective Chromofluorogenic Chemodosimeter for Fluoride Anion Detection in Pure Water. ChemistryOpen. 2(2):58-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.20130001058622